6. The Secretariat

<p class="p1">In the sixth episode, we explore the Secretariat building. We discuss Corbusier’s transformation of the building, its Excel spreadsheet architecture, its oceanliner-like quality, and its potential for infinite expansion. We also highlight the uniqueness of its ramps and roof garden. </p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">TIMESTAMPS:</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">1:48 - The original ‘UN style’ vertical design and the current ‘Unité-esque’ form and orientation of the Secretariat building.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">5:02 - The Capitol Complex as Corbusier’s playground.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">7:28 - Analogy of the Writers’ Building in Calcutta - Secretariat as a bureaucratic machine.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">11:55 - Utility and beauty - the Secretariat and the Oceanliner.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">14:25 - Pilotis and uninterrupted nature - Rajendra Park and Leisure valley </p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">17:48 - Modular facade elements and rough Indian craftsmanship</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">18:56 - Excel Spreadsheet Architecture™</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">20:19 - The Ramp as a sensual, schizophrenic, heterotypic space</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">24:55 - The extruded Secretariat - infinite expansion</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">27:51 - The roof garden with the parasol viewing platform</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">35:48 - The echo of a dam in the Secretariat’s form</p>

00:39:38

5. The High Court

<p class="p3">In the fifth episode, we’ll talk about the High Court, the first building to be constructed within the Capitol Complex. We discuss its likeness to an umbrella, its weightlessness and the experience of the uncanny. We also discuss the interiors and specifically the tapestries of the high court as well as Corbusier’s flexible approach to executing his vision.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">TIMESTAMPS:</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">1:19 - Why was the High Court the first building to come up?</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">1:50 - The ‘umbrella’ analogy: visual, literary, mythological</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">5:35 - Making it look structural:  The visual trickery of the roof and arches of the high court</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">9:02 - Cooling the air by compressing and releasing the prevailing winds</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">10:27 - A building in which Corbusier engages all the elements</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">14:28 - Weightlessness of the high court building ; plan-elevation interplay</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">19:36 - ‘Doubling’ of the facade in the reflecting pools; horizontal symmetry</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">25:04 - The experience of the ‘uncanny’ & the Barcelona Pavilion</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">32:38 - Multiplicity of readings in works of art</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">33:39 - The pylons marking a ‘ramp in the sky’</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">35:24 - The hidden extension to the high court</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">38:52 - The tapestries and the symbols of law, balance and harmony</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">42:21 - Rough texture of ‘hand-poured’ concrete</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">44:37 -  Corbusier’s flexible approach to execution and foreseeing future changes</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p3">48:59 - The ramp as architectural promenade </p>

00:52:15

4. The Capitol Complex

<p class="p1">In the fourth episode, we discuss the implications of the UNESCO Heritage designation for the Capitol Complex on Chandigarh. We discuss Corbusier's process of siting the Capitol and its connection to cubism and the cosmos. We also talk about the intentionally open-ended quality of the Capitol Complex and how it relates to the future of citizenry and a faith in the nation's future. </p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">TIMESTAMPS:</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">1:08 - The UNESCO Heritage Tag for the Capitol Complex and its consequences. Which parts of the city were included and why wasn’t the whole city included?</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">5:31 - Barbed wire, controlled access to the Capitol and guided tours</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">6:01 - Eurocentric exclusion of Jeanneret and other architects from UNESCO recognition</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">10:44 - The Capitol as Corbusier’s tour de force</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">14:39 - The siting of the buildings in the Capitol</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">17:00 - Corbusier and cubist architecture</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">21:37 - Corbusier’s fascination with India’s rural landscape and integration of the city and the village.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">25:06 - Monumentality, temples and the cosmos in relation to the Capitol</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">30:48 - Buildings as celestial objects; the Capitol and its invocation of the sky</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">34:30 - The ‘East-West’ dichotomy and the change in perception of Chandigarh after the 70s and postmodernism</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">40:31 - Corruption, the Emergency and the attack on Nehruvian modernism</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">44:05 - The Open Hand, Nehru’s Non-Aligned Movement and the Third World. </p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">46:52 - The open-ended, leaky Capitol Complex</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">49:28 - Citizenry, anticipatory democracy and nation building in the context of Chandigarh and India</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">52:49 - Aesthetic masterpieces of Le Corbusier OR crowning achievements of the aspirations of the Indian nation state and its faith in the future?</p>

00:54:56

3. The Masterplan

<p class="p1">In this episode, we will talk about the development of the Chandigarh masterplan. We will look at the design strategy behind the streets, the philosophy of the sector and the role of 'mistakes' in the masterplan. We'll also learn how Corbusier paid homage to the Mayer-Nowicki plan as well as the anthropomorphic nature of the Chandigarh plan. Finally, we'll briefly discuss the placement of the Capitol Complex and the Sukhna Lake. </p> <p class="p1"> </p> <p class="p1">TIMESTAMPS:</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">1:13 - What was the thinking behind the zig-zag arrangement of the sectors? Where is sector 13?</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">4:59 - The reason behind the curve in the Madhya Marg and other east-west marks</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">6:46 - ‘Mistakes’ in the masterplan; embracing the perfectly imperfect roughness of the concrete</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">8:57 - Reasons behind the hierarchy embedded in the plan and housing types</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">10:33 - Where is the ‘heart’ of the city? What makes sector-22 special?</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">13:08 - Corbusier’s proposal of mass housing blocks for Chandigarh; the extendability of the Secretariat</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">16:00 - The modularity of the masterplan set up for southward expansion</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">18:22 - Anthropomorphism in Chandigarh’s plan; the logic of the green belts as continuous playing fields</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">21:28 - The layout of the sector and homage to Mayer & Nowicki in the Corbusier plan in certain sectors</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">25:24 - Special sectors for museums (sector 10) and schools (sector 26)</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">27:54 - Was the golf course and Chandigarh club part of the original brief for the city?</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">30:56 - Corbusier complaining to Nehru and not being paid enough</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">33:35 - The internal facing sector houses, sheltered from traffic across the city</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">35:35 - The ‘displacement’ of villages to accommodate the masterplan; except for temples</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">37:22 - Chandigarh’s unique tree planting strategy and MS Randhawa’s role</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">41:21 - The siting of the Capitol Complex compared to the Mayer-Nowicki plan</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">44:24 - PL Verma, dams and a brief history of the lake</p> <p class="p2"> </p>

00:48:24

2. Building Chandigarh: Assembling the Capital Project Team

<p class="p1">In this episode we will talk about how the Chandigarh Capital Project team was selected. When did Corbusier and Jeanneret enter the picture and how was the rest of the team assembled? Who were the people displaced by Chandigarh and where did the labourers involved in the city's construction come from? We will also discuss the team's heirarchy and how the work was divided amongst them.</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">TIMESTAMPS:</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">1:07 - How and when did Le Corbusier become a part of the team?</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">3:23 - Was the idea of a competition ever floated to select the architects?</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">5:03 - How did Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry enter the project, following their African experience?</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">7:34 - Corbusier’s terms and conditions for joining the Chandigarh project</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">8:36 - The deal: Jeanneret to be in Chandigarh on behalf of Corbusier</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">12:24 - Corbusier’s preference to work from home</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">14:55 - CIAM’s role in globalising modernist architecture</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">17:46 - The false East-West dichotomy in Chandigarh’s discourse</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">19:51 - Criteria for selecting the younger architects</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">22:58 - Chandimandir rest house office as described by Mulk Raj Anand; how Corbusier ‘shrunk’ the Mayer plan.</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">27:30 - Land surveying and road laying by the engineers before shifting the office to Chandigarh</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">28:33 - The first building in Chandigarh - Capital Project Office in Nagla (Sector-19)</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">28:53 - The first houses came up in sector 22 to house the architects and engineers</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">30:28 - Labourers showed up in Chandigarh… from where? Were they trained on-site?</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">31:11 - The untold stories of the people and villages displaced to make way for Chandigarh</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">35:26 - The first ‘inhabitants’ of Chandigarh</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">36:17 - Corbusier fascinated by Indians carrying their beds on their heads!</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">37:00 - Jeanneret’s design for the Sector-19  Planners’ Office</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">38:46 - How the junior architects joined the team</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">39:44 - How was the work divided amongst the architects?</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">41:51 - The order of constructing the institutional buildings</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p4">42:57 - The conflict between white painted plaster and exposed bricks</p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p3"> </p> <p class="p3"> </p>

00:45:33

1. From Partition to Utopia: The Birth of Chandigarh

<p class="p1">In our first episode, join us as we explore the origins of the modernist city of Chandigarh, with Dr. Vikramāditya Prakāsh. How did the partition of India and Pakistan lead to its creation? Who were the idealized inhabitants of this utopian city? How was the site selected? What was the Garden City movement, how does it relate to Nehruvian modernism?</p> <p class="p1"> </p> <p class="p1"> </p> <p class="p1">TIMESTAMPS:</p> <ul> <li class="p1">1:07 - Why Chandigarh? The need for a new capital city of Punjab in post partition India.</li> <li class="p1">5:24 - Nehru, modernist and industrialisation;  modernism architecture as a global movement   </li> <li class="p1">9:42 - British Colonialism and western industrialisation; transfer of wealth.</li> <li class="p1">12:07 - Albert Mayer and Gandhi, Lewis Mumford and Mathew Nowicki.</li> <li class="p1">15:12 - Partition and migration; utopian aspirations of the newly independent India; Chandigarh - imagined capital of Nehruvian India.</li> <li class="p1">19:25 - Inventing a new, ideal citizen of the nation state; the imagined inhabitants of Chandigarh.</li> <li class="p1">22:38 - AL Fletcher, the brief for Chandigarh. Ebenezer Howard and the new town movement; the “Garden City” movement</li> <li class="p1">26:00 - The Mayer plan; site selection by PL Varma and PN Thapar by helicopter“</li> <li class="p1">28:26 -  Land acquisition by “eminent domain”; displacement and relocation; the first buildings; architect’s office</li> <li class="p1">32:32 - The search for Nowicki’s replacement; hiring Le Corbusier.</li> </ul> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p2">Hosted & Produced by Eashan Chaufla</p> <p class="p2">storyofchandigarh@gmail.com</p>

00:38:59